Data Protection Act 1998 The Eight Principles Of The...

Data Protection Act 1998 This legislation protects people’s data and information stored on databases. Data subjects are people whose personal data is stored, the rights given to data subjects are: right of subject access, right of correction, right to prevent distress, right to prevent direct marketing, right to prevent automatic decisions, right of compliant to the information commissioner and right to compensation. The eight principles of the data protection act that companies need to adhere to are: 1. used lawfully and fairly 2. used for specified purposes 3. used inadequately or excessively 4. used accurately 5. not kept longer than necessary 6. handled according to data subject’s data protection rights 7. ensure safety and security of data 8. ensure adequate protection if transferred outside the European Economic Area when companies want to use personal data and share data with third parties they have to ask permission from the person whose data they wish to use. On e-commerce sites they can do this by presenting tick boxes when a user enters their details. Computer Misuse Act 1990 This act was introduced to deal with problems caused by hacking. It helps organisations deal with hacking by making the following offences: unauthorised access to computer material, unauthorised access with the intent of facilitating or committing a crime, unauthorised modification of computer material, and supplying, making or obtaining anything that can be used computer misuse crimes.Show MoreRelatedRecording, Analysing and Using Hr Information Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesRecording, analysing and using HR information Activity 1 Further to your request for the review of the organisation’s approach to collecting, storing and using HR data please see the briefing note below. There are a variety of reasons why an organisation needs to collect HR data, these could be to satisfy legal requirements, provide relevant information in decision making and for consultation requirement, recording contractual arrangements and agreements, keep contact details of employeesRead More The Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 20006383 Words   |  26 PagesThe Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000 Introduction ============ For my module computing I have to find research and produce detailed report on freedom of information and the need for security. The information commissioner’s office enforces and oversees the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000. I need to read and understand knowledge respecting private lives of individuals and encourage the openness and accountability of public authoritiesRead MoreProtecting Private Individual Sensitive Data594 Words   |  2 PagesThe Data Protection Act 1998 was specifically designed to protect sensitive data of many individuals that was held in organizations’ databases. The act originally was passed in 1984 with a further update in 1998 which it then was brought out in action in 2000. Any organization holding personal data electronically, must register with the Data Protection registrar (who monitors whether the act has been enforced or not), and state what data they wish to hold as well as their intent in which they wantRead MoreDubious And Liability Under Data Protection Act 19982213 Words   |  9 PagesLiability under Data Protection Act 1998 Dubious, as a company’s new Trainee, inadvertently posted huge amount of customers’ personal information on a public website. His unauthorized access to company document, particularly the confidential information, absolutely went against the regulations in the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998). As an organization that is responsible for data controlling and processing, the company should be involved in this information breach issue. The DPA 1998 provides a wholeRead MoreUnit Three: Principles of Managing Information and Producing Documents2600 Words   |  11 PagesUnit three: Principles of managing information and producing documents Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – makeRead MoreEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems20165 Words   |  81 PagesEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Analyze the relationships among ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. 2. Identify the main moral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 3. Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectualRead MoreUnit 3 P1 P2 P33507 Words   |  15 Pagesin company-operated restaurants. McDonalds revenues grew 27% over the three years ending in 2007 to $22.8 billion, and 9% growth in operating income to $3.9 billion. Marketing defines the social process by which groups and individuals obtain information so they can produce products/ services which are demanded by consumers to satisfy them by meeting their needs and requirement. MARKETING TECHNIQUES There are three types of marketing techniques which are growth strategy, survival strategy andRead MoreStrategic Information Management2916 Words   |  12 Pages7004: Strategic Information Management Table of Content What is Information Management | Page 3 | Importance of Information Sharing and Legal obligations for sourcing, storing and sharing information | Page 7 | Using Information for Strategic Decision Making | Page 14 | Monitoring and Reviewing Management Information | Page 17 | References | Page 19 | What is Information Management Information Management is the collection and management of information from one or moreRead MoreThe Internet Its Effects and Its Future6120 Words   |  25 Pagesnuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was developed to allow disparate devices to work together. The original network has long since been upgraded and expanded and TCP/IP is now a  ¡Ã‚ §de facto ¡Ã‚ ¨ standard. Millions of people worldwide are using the Internet to share information, make new associations and communicate. Individuals and businesses, fromRead More The Impact of the Internet on Society Essay5976 Words   |  24 Pagesof nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was developed to allow disparate devices to work together. The original network has long since been upgraded and expanded and TCP/IP is now a de facto standard. Millions of people worldwide are using the Internet to share information, make new associations and communicate. Individuals and businesses, from

Calcium Facts - Ca or Atomic Number 20

Calcium is silver to gray solid metal that develops a pale yellow tint. It is element atomic number 20 on the periodic table with the symbol Ca. Unlike most transition metals, calcium and its compounds exhibit a low toxicity. The element is essential for human nutrition. Take a look at calcium periodic table facts and learn about the elements history, uses, properties, and sources. Calcium Basic Facts Symbol: CaAtomic Number: 20Atomic Weight: 40.078Classification: Alkaline EarthCAS Number: 7440-701-2 Calcium Periodic Table Location Group: 2Period: 4Block: s Calcium Electron Configuration Short Form: [Ar]4s2Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2Shell Structure: 2 8 8 2 Calcium Discovery Discovery Date: 1808Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy [England]Name: Calcium derives its name from the Latin calcis which was the word for lime (calcium oxide, CaO) and limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3)History: The Romans prepared lime in the first century, but the metal was not discovered until 1808. Swedish chemist Berzelius and Swedish court physician Pontin created an amalgam of calcium and mercury by electrolyzing lime and mercury oxide. Davy managed to isolate pure calcium metal from their amalgam. Calcium Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): SolidAppearance: fairly hard, silvery white metalDensity: 1.55 g/ccSpecific Gravity: 1.55 (20  °C)Melting Point: 1115 KBoiling Point: 1757 KCritical Point: 2880 KHeat of Fusion: 8.54 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 154.7 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 25.929 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 0.647 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Calcium Atomic Data Oxidation States: 2 (most common), 1Electronegativity: 1.00Electron Affinity: 2.368 kJ/molAtomic Radius: 197 pmAtomic Volume: 29.9 cc/molIonic Radius: 99 (2e)Covalent Radius: 174 pmVan der Waals Radius: 231 pmFirst Ionization Energy: 589.830 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1145.446 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 4912.364 kJ/mol Calcium Nuclear Data Number of Naturally Occurring Isotopes: 6Isotopes and % Abundance: 40Ca (96.941), 42Ca (0.647), 43Ca (0.135), 44Ca (2.086), 46Ca (0.004) and 48Ca (0.187) Calcium Crystal Data Lattice Structure: Face-Centered CubicLattice Constant: 5.580 Ã…Debye Temperature: 230.00 K Calcium Uses Calcium is essential for human nutrition. Animals skeletons get their rigidity primarily from calcium phosphate. The eggs of birds and shells of mollusks are comprised of calcium carbonate. Calcium is also necessary for plant growth. Calcium is used as a reducing agent when preparing metals from their halogen and oxygen compounds; as a reagent in purification of inert gases; to fix atmospheric nitrogen; as a scavenger and decarbonizer in metallurgy; and for making alloys. Calcium compounds are used in making lime, bricks, cement, glass, paint, paper, sugar, glazes, as well as for many other uses. Miscellaneous Calcium Facts Calcium is the 5th most abundant element in the Earths crust, making up 3.22% of the earth, air, and oceans.Calcium is not found free in nature, but calcium compounds are common. Some of the most common compounds found on Earth are limestone (calcium carbonate - CaCO3), gypsum (calcium sulfate - CaSO4 ·2H2O), fluorite (calcium fluoride - CaF2) and apatite (calcium fluorophosphate - CaFO3P or calcium chlorophosphate - CaClO3P)The top three countries that produce calcium are China, United States and India.Calcium is the main component of teeth and bones. However, too much calcium can lead to kidney stones or artery calcification.Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the human body. Approximately one third of the mass of the human body is calcium after all water is removed.Calcium burns with a dark red color in a flame test.Calcium is used in fireworks to deepen the color. Calcium salts are used to produce orange in fireworks.Calcium metal is soft enough to cut with a knife, a lthough somewhat harder than the metal lead.People and other animals can often taste the calcium ion. People report is as contributing a mineral, sour, or salty flavor.Calcium metal reacts exothermically with water or acid. Skin contact with calcium metal can cause irritation, corrosion, and chemical burns. Ingesting or inhaling calcium metal can be fatal due to the burns it can produce. Sources Hluchan, Stephen E.; Pomerantz, Kenneth (2006)  Calcium and Calcium Alloys. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.  Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_515.pub2Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.

The Importance of Determination Essay - 687 Words

The Importance of Determination Everyday people face challenges, but it is important that one does not give up, and to keep trying until they successfully overcome the obstacles that stand in their way. â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes and â€Å"Still I Rise† by Maya Angelou are two different works written by two different authors yet they both convey the same message. Together, the two authors stress the significance of pushing harder when faced with conflicts rather than simply giving up. Using figurative language and repetition, Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou effectively emphasize this message in both of their poems. In both poems, both authors attempt to convince the reader of the importance of not giving up and trying harder, and†¦show more content†¦Angelou writes, â€Å"You may trod me in the very dirt / But still, like dust, I’ll rise.† (Angelou, 3-4). Angelou compares triumph after a challenge in life being similar to that of dust rising after dirt has been tro tted on, thus proving that just as important as it was for the dust to rise after the dirt, it is equally as important to rise after being faced with a challenge in life. Identically to the previous quotation, Angelou again expresses the importance of determination by writing, â€Å"Just like moons and like suns / With the certainty of tides / Just like hopes springing high / Still I’ll rise.† (9-12). Angelou effectively compares the sure rising of moons and suns rising with the certainty of tides, and the guaranteed rise of hopes to her own certainty to rise. Her persistence to continue to rise after being put through many evident hardships demonstrates the importance of pushing harder when encountering difficulties rather than quitting when things get hard. All things considered, both poets are able to successfully interpret the importance of pushing harder when faced with conflicts rather than simply giving up by using figurative language such as metaphors and simil es. Equally as significant as the use of figurative language in both Langston Hughes’ poem, and Maya Angelou’s poem, is the useShow MoreRelatedThe United Nations Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples855 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Cornell University Law School’s ‘Legal Information Institute’, self-determination ‘denotes the legal right of people to decide their own destiny in the international order’. As a major concept of international law, self-determination gives people the right to control their own fates under certain fundamental criteria, and can be claimed by a minority that bases its lifestyle on an ethnic identity that is distinguishable from regular society, with a strong desire for cultural preservationRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Determination851 Words   |  4 Pagesearly humanistic psychologists were able to develop the theory of self-determination, which has provided us with great insight on what driv es/motivates us as individuals. Using the theory of self-determination we are able to see how this form of motivation provide the skills a person needs such as competence, relatedness, and autonomy to thrive, especially in regards to students with disabilities. Keywords: self-determination, competence, relatedness, autonomy, and student with disabilities InRead MoreEssay on Conflict in Indochina1156 Words   |  5 PagesConflict in Indochina – Draft Essay Assess the importance of nationalism to the Vietnamese up to 1965. A clear desire for nationalism and self-nationalism in Vietnam was evident as early as the 15th century, when historian Nguyen Trai stated â€Å"although we have been at times strong, and at times weak, we have always been Vietnamese and this will never change.† The importance and significance of nationalism and establishing a sense of self-determination was of vital concernment to the Vietnamese, inRead MoreReview Of Lederach Named As An Essential Guide For Research And Practice Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesEssential Guide for Research and Practice† I have learned three important things; self-determination Creativity and Structure and Flexibility. Through the paper, I shall show how these important readings shall apply in my personal and professional life. a. Self-determination The first thing that I have learned from the reading is the value of self-determination. According to Umbreit and Peterson, (50) self-determination is a relevant to the important social work value. Further on, the author arguesRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Social Worker1663 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication with ID individuals, certain considerations are important to keep in mind: respecting the individual’s self-determination, displaying empathy, and having a willingness to use alternative forms of communication. Respecting ID Individuals Right to Self-Determination When communicating with individuals who have an ID, it is important to respect their self-determination. Self-determined people can be described as, â€Å"[A]ctors in their own lives, rather than being acted upon† (Whemeyer AberyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Night By Elie Wiesel1385 Words   |  6 PagesDetermination Decimates Damnation Determination is an important foundation in human lives. Each time an individual or society faces great adversity, one tends to develop an aspect of their identity that showcases a strong link to the significance of determination in people’s lives. Determination is a trait that each individual possesses. However, the degree of this characteristic varies for each individual and depends on the person’s capabilities and willingness to attain a goal. In the Night,Read MoreF Time : Family Life Cycle Transition Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageshave found fulfilment in taking care of a child with disabilities as it gives them a purpose in life and something to look forward to. Discuss the importance of and steps to develop self-determination? Why is Self-Determination critical in terms of development for students with disabilities? The importance of Self-Determination: Self-Determination helps students with or without disabilities learn how to define and achieve goals that are important to them. Teachers can provide resources and supportsRead MoreMy Personal Values: Professional Ethics Are the Foundation of Social Work1798 Words   |  7 Pageswellness of others. The core values adopted by all social workers, as distinguished by NASW, are service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. As a Clinical Social Worker, I will honor the NASW Code of Ethics in addition to my personal values of respect, self determination, responsibility, motivation, and wisdom. My personal values complement the NASW Code of Ethics and will resonate in my work as a social worker. My firstRead MoreTeaching And Promoting Self Determination1406 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal mandate, teaching and promoting self-determination and the core components of self-determination have become an evidenced based, and best practices for educators in middle and high school, and helping students with disabilities meet their post secondary goals and experience a more successful transition from high school to post secondary domains. This review discusses the research that addresses how the impact of instruction in self-determination given to students with disabilities can aidRead Moreof mice and men908 Words   |  4 Pagesfriendship, and determination, enabling one to strive onward in life with a sense of importance. Three major examples show this idea. The first example is Candy’s loss of his dog and his joining George and Lennie s dream of owning land. A second example is Crook’s memory of his father’s chicken ranch. A third significant example is George and Lennie s dream of having their own place. These three examples display the theme that having high aspirations breed hope, friendship, and determination, enabling

Symptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease - 2254 Words

Why do people wake up in the morning? Is it to drive to school or work or perhaps to make it to the gym for that early morning workout session? Regardless of why people wake up, one thing that people have in common is that they’re aware of who they are and what they want to accomplish, well for the most part that is. There are many people living in this world with a disease called Alzheimer’s, which is a very deadly and mysterious disease. Alzheimer’s is a type of Dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. This disease is a progressive cognitive disorder that deteriorates brain cells eventually to the point of destroying them. This kind of deterioration leads to memory loss as well as alterations in thinking and†¦show more content†¦Through musical participation in the therapeutic environment, clients capacities are reinforced and conveyed in other areas of their lives. Additionally, Music therapy also offers ways for communicatio n that can be accommodating to the people who find it challenging to express themselves in words. Research in music therapy supports its effectiveness in many areas such as: overall physical rehabilitation and facilitating movement, increasing people s motivation to become engaged in their treatment, providing emotional support for clients and their families, and providing an outlet for expression of feelings (Gregory59). Whether it is apparent at first or not music therapy interventions help the patient improve their diminishing cognitive function ability with the music that is selected as well as the intervention applied, which plays a major role in the process. There are many people who believe that music therapy truly works when helping patients, such as Dassa Ayelet who has a PHD from Bar-llan in Israel and wrote her dissertation on the impact of singing in music therapy groups on the language abilities of Alzheimer’s patients in moderate to severe stages. She has been working as a music therapist with people with Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease for almost 17 years. In her clinical work,

The Feeling of Hockey free essay sample

It starts in the locker room when I put on my gear, and lace up my skates. Visualizing. How am I going to play? Will I Score? Are we going to win? I put on my jersey. Arrowhead logo on the front—Dvorak on the back. When I skate onto that ice, I want people to know who I am. Sam Dvorak—from Arrowhead. By putting on my jersey, by playing the sport, that is what I am doing. Representing my name, and my school. Were just sitting there now. Waiting to go out on the ice. Will I even play? Am I going to get hit? Will we lose? It’s time to go out on the ice. We’re walking through the tunnel, music playing, fans screaming with excitement. Only question I have now is, how many? How many goals will I score? How many hits will I have? How many goals are we going to win by? As I step out on the ice, all my problems vanish. We will write a custom essay sample on The Feeling of Hockey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only thought on my mind is hockey. We skate around the rink, air flowing through my body. My heart is racing as the National Anthem is being played. We set up for the faceoff. The puck drops. The game has started! Hockey is my life, and I play it with passion, and the mindset of this being the last time I will ever play hockey. Not only do I have hard work and dedication to hockey, but many other things as well, like helping people and towards school. I will work hard at everything I do and that is how I will enrich the community.

Organizational Behavior for Leadership as well as Personality

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Leadership as well as Personality. Answer: Colbert, A. E., Barrick, M. R., Bradley, B. H. (2014). Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), 351-387. The authors used direct measures to measure the leadership as well as personality attributes among the top management teams of organizations. The authors of the article belong to the University of Iowa, Texas University and University of Oklahoma. The article is intended for the organizations and the senior management of the firm. The implications of these two parameters has been assessed on the overall organizational effectiveness. Results have shown that there was interconnection between the conscientiousness and organization. There were also cross linkages between the conscientiousness of CEO and the various attributes of transformational leadership. This article focused on the fact that it is important to understand the various attributes of leadership that leads to effective organizations. The results show that that transformational leadership of the top management directly affected the commitment level of the followers. This article topic defined the bibliography topic in measuring the outcomes of the leadership process in organization. It also defines that fact that the organization is able to function when there is coalition of leaders rather than a single leader. The study was conducted on the vice presidents, CEO, senior executives across United States. The leadership role of the senior management would also help in better financial performance. Zwingmann, I., Wegge, J., Wolf, S., Rudolf, M., Schmidt, M., Richter, P. (2014). Is transformational leadership healthy for employees? A multilevel analysis in 16 nations.German Journal of Human Resource Management,28(1-2), 24-51. The article on health aspects of the transformational leadership showed critical aspects of the leadership. The study explored the effects of the transformational and laissez-faire leadership in approximately 16 countries with 11,117 teams, who belong to an international company. The study measured the perception of the employees (regarding their supervisors leadership behavior) and its impact on the employees individual health. One of the most critical features of effective leadership is better perceived health among the employees. Thus is because of the fact that the employees have better work satisfaction in the environment of good transformational leadership. The journal differed from the earlier article in the fact that the earlier one discussed the outcome of the effective leadership while this article focused on the one of the core characteristics of leadership. There was augmentation effect on the employees which was evident in all six countries. This study was relevant to the bibliography topic as it identified one of the core features of the leadership attributes- leadership enhances the health of the employees. This is due to the fact that having a clear vision of the leaders would also help the employees to receive right rewards and recognition. This would also help the employees to get good health. Laureani, A., Antony, J. (2017). Leadership characteristics for Lean Six Sigma.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,28(3-4), 405-426. The author Allesandro Laureani and Jiju Antony presented the article on leadership characteristics for lean six sigma on Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. This article established the relationship between lean six sigma and leadership in the various organizations. The article identified that the leadership is one of the critical success factor for successful implementation of the lean six sigma in the organization. This article used the research on the qualitative analysis by performing semi-structured questionnaires that focused on the participants views regarding the inter relationship between the success levels displayed in six sigma and the leadership attributes. This article is different from the previous article as it identified one of the deployment in the organization and how the characteristics of leadership affects the same. The article focused on ten features of leadership namely consistent, targeted, communicative, inspirational, flexible, leading by example, able to build, clearly define the roles to others. This is the way this article fulfilled the requirement of the bibliography topic. Crossan, M. M., Byrne, A., Seijts, G. H., Reno, M., Monzani, L., Gandz, J. (2017). Toward a framework of leader character in organizations.Journal of Management Studies. The article on the Toward a framework of leader character in organizations written by Crossan identifies the fact that there are several shades of the leader character. There are several phases such as multi method approach, three phase and the engaged scholarship epistemology. This article is related to the bibliography topic in such a way that the leadership is closely connected with the interpersonal focus and the traditional competency. However, the article failed to mention clearly about the different characteristics of the leaders in organization. It throwed light on the different virtues connected with leadership such as ethical leadership, ethical decision making, judgement and others. There are evidences that the study would deal with the leader character which is embedded in the broad domain of leadership. Babiak, J., Bajcar, B., Nosal, C. S. (2017). Heterogeneity of Leadership Styles as Behavioral Units: The Role of Personality in Searching for Leadership Profiles. InAdvances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education(pp. 107-120). Springer International Publishing. The article focused on the different heterogenous approaches of the leadership and the close relation of the personality with the leadership profile. This study has used cluster analysis to explore different heterogenous leadership styles. The findings reveal that there are several differences in the leadership profiles and all leadership styles are not same. The different leaders have different personality traits. The authors opine that there can be natural leaders who have personality traits such as task oriented, active, conscientiousness and sociable. The article is unique and different from the others since it defines particular personality dimensions of the leaders, which shapes their behavior and characteristics. This article also collated wide range of leadership traits which are found in the real leaders. This article helped in better understanding of the bibliography topic and helped in understanding of the effective leadership characteristics. References Babiak, J., Bajcar, B., Nosal, C. S. (2017). Heterogeneity of Leadership Styles as Behavioral Units: The Role of Personality in Searching for Leadership Profiles. InAdvances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education(pp. 107-120). Springer International Publishing. Colbert, A. E., Barrick, M. R., Bradley, B. H. (2014). Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), 351-387. Crossan, M. M., Byrne, A., Seijts, G. H., Reno, M., Monzani, L., Gandz, J. (2017). Toward a framework of leader character in organizations.Journal of Management Studies. Laureani, A., Antony, J. (2017). Leadership characteristics for Lean Six Sigma.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,28(3-4), 405-426. Zwingmann, I., Wegge, J., Wolf, S., Rudolf, M., Schmidt, M., Richter, P. (2014). Is transformational leadership healthy for employees? A multilevel analysis in 16 nations.German Journal of Human Resource Management,28(1-2), 24-51.