Colonial Life Essay - 1007 Words

Colonial Life In the earlier years of the colonies life was a bit more difficult than it is now in the presant. People led simpeler lives without all the things we take for granted today. Times when our government was merely a puppet of mother England thousands of miles away. It was this government and its actions that brought out the anger in its subjects to the point of rebellion and eventual emancipation from the larger power. So what brought this small country to the boiling point? It seemed to be a serious of pushes from England that led to the eventual split of the colonies and the U.K. Circa 1763, England. Parliament wrights up the proclamation of 1763 and sends it too America. No more western expansion, no more land†¦show more content†¦To show the Indians their gratitude the British decided to show them their gratitude in the form of a royal proclamation. By making the Appalachians off limits too white settlers the natives received hunting ground. For the Indians this de al was great, after years of being persecuted and subjugated they finally get something in return. Now for the land hungry settlers this was devastating, they saw it as a travesty seeing as how this was passed right after the French war. This is because once the French were gone lands to the south west of the colonies were open for business, but then parliament stepped in. This proclamation, written bye parliament in 1763 was the major turning point in American history from passive criticism to active disagreement. This proclamation was somewhat of a leash, to the settlers of America. To keep the anxious settlers from moving out of their jurisdiction Britain saw this law as not only a sign of good faith to the Indians but a way to control its people. It created much frustration, and feelings of rage in lower and upper class citizens of America. Unable to gain commercial success in the urbanized areas farmers and spectators need more land to support themselves and their families. Rich landowners in turn were missing out on more land, I.E more money. Unfortunately for both groups this law created a racial boundary between the white and the native peoples. And whereas it is just and reasonable, andShow MoreRelatedLife in Colonial America1942 Words   |  8 PagesDuring colonial times life would not have been anything like it is today. They would not have a cell phone, computer or a global positioning system. The family would wake up to begin their day with chores depending on their sex, location, age and, the families’ social class. Families were large for various reasons - help on the farm, most children died before the age of five. Childbirth was extremely dangerous for women of the day. Doctors did not deliver infants. That job belonged to midwivesRead MoreThe Beginning Of Colonial Life1060 Words   |  5 PagesThe beginning of colonial life started off with great living conditions. There was a lack of disease and good amount of clean drinking. These new conditions for the colonist added a few years to the life expectancies. Because of the new great life spans of the colonist, the growth of New England was at an all-time high. Even though there was a great start in New England, Chesapeake was far from growing at the time. It was full of disease; almost all of the men and women were widowers. And theirRead MoreLife in Colonial America Essay2130 Words   |  9 Pagesservants, and served in minor offices. Each group by different means accumulated property that was part of the servitude mirrored the same ideals as white plantations, effectively repeating the same vicious cycle (Kupperman, 2000, pg. 309-312). The colonial commerce was a white industry, with relationships ties with England for import and export would only work if your race was white (Reich, 2011, pg. 148-149). Each group of people however was affected differently even if the many factors like raceRead MoreLife For Women During Colonial America1993 Words   |  8 PagesLife for women in Colonial America was tougher to endure than life back in England. With daily home chores, that generally lasted all day, to keeping the children under contr ol, women were often burdened by the amount of work they had. Luckily, settling down and finding a husband was inevitable. Although, many women who first came to America as indentured servants would have to wait for marriage until the end of their service. Life in the colonies was different for a female indentured servant andRead MoreThe Revolutionary City Is Not Just An Area1515 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern centuries, an American faith has bestowed on the Tidewater town of Williamsburg, Virginia. Colonial Williamsburg adequately portrays how the area incorporates the cultures, hopes, aspirations, and conflicts of the American people of the time period. The Revolutionary City is not just an area that is composed of colonial streets and buildings. It is a community of people and their tales of life linking the distant past with a relevant future. In the Historic Area, visitors are able to experienceRead MoreThe American Colonial Life During The Late 1700 S961 Words   |  4 Pagesor by sea, eighteenth century colonial travel was arduous, expensive, and many times dangerous. Because of this, few people traveled very far from their homes. Transportation has changed dramatically since the late 1700’s. It was during this time that Colonial America was budding as a new country. This was before airplanes, which appeared in the very early stages of the 1900’s. Cars showed up about the same time, so rewind about 200 plus years and we’re back in colonial America. It wasn’t civilizedRead More Colonial Middle Class American Life Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pages Middle Class Americans American middle class life was greatly influenced throughout 1870-1917. There were many profound changes, however the American industrialization and urbanization were the most rapid and unquestionably the most important. The industrialist brought forth household names that are still around today such as Swift, Armour, Westinghouse, Pillsbury, Pullman, Rocketfeller, Carnegie, and Duke. Due to the rapid movement of industrialization, so began a movement of urbanization. BetweenRead MoreEssay about What Was Life Like In Colonial Times?904 Words   |  4 Pages What was Life Like in Colonial Times? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the first colonists came to America there were not many things available to them. Their life was hard, almost impossible compared to life today. The early colonists spent almost every hour of everyday working to stay alive. They survived because they were committed to making their settlement grow. (John F. Warner- pg.12-13) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first colonists had to make almost everything using only a few simpleRead MoreFreedom Is Never More Than One Generation Away From Extinction1831 Words   |  8 Pagesgoing to be easy with the stubborn Indians. After all the fighting with the Indians the Virginia Company wanted nothing to do with Virginia anymore. Two years later Virginia became the first royal colony. As Tobacco became an important part of Virginia life, they soon realized they were missing something, women and children. In 1620 and 1621 many women came over to Virginia but unfortunately they became servants and had to complete their work before coming wives. With the establishment of Jamestown VirginiaRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Warrant Chief System in the Cross River Region2474 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION Prior to the advent of the British Colonialists to our shores more than four hundred years ago, the traditional institutions held sway as the organisational structure around which the socio-political, cultural, administrative and economic life of the people revolved. It was therefore, not surprising that the colonialists who came to exploit us with their imperial motives and to imposed their own social order on the indigenous existing nationalities that later coalesced into the present day

Implication Of Homemaking Beyond Home - 939 Words

5. Implication of homemaking beyond home These situated performances of homemaking beyond home confirm how cultural and more-than-human approaches to home can inform the ‘layers of interactions’ (Gibbs, 2009) that continuously rationalize immigrants’ living in a city and reconfigure urban Sydney. Central conclusion is that newly settled migrants’ homemaking in Sydney does not end with securing a roof over a family’s head, rather it is networked and processual – both materially and metaphorically extending beyond home. Imaginaries of belonging, as sense of an immigrant’s home, are not tied to the confinement of a dwelling site; rather urban liveability and production of a meaningful home involve social-cultural associations and economic attachments forged in and through more-than-human relations across the settlement spectrum. Therefore, any housing supply, especially if it is targeted to young immigrants should offer multi-scalar opportunities that are streamlined to match imm igrants’ material and cultural demands. Young immigrants’ homemaking blurs the boundary between private and public through associations with the more-than-human others. These associations positively reconfigure women’s role at home and outside as these non-humans liberated female immigrants from the confinement of homes. Compared to their devalued and unvalued domestic labour earlier in their countries of origin, now they are economically active involving themselves in homemade food supply, homeShow MoreRelatedSocial Studies Csec Study Guide10262 Words   |  42 Pagesor other assistance. For example, a government might provide: †¢ welfare payments to help meet basic needs †¢ facilities, such as day nurseries to help working mothers †¢ feeding programmes †¢ counselling programmes †¢ foster homes or foster care for children who cannot live at home or who have lost their parents †¢ care services for people who are old or incapacitated and for those who have mental health issues or physical disabilities. KEY POINTS 1 A family produces new members for a society. 2 A familyRead MoreGender and Advertising7641 Words   |  31 Pagesfamily structure toward the end of the 20th century (U.S. Depart-ment of Labor, 2000), and that trend continues today. Internationally, the story is similar. It is estimated that worldwide about 70% of all working-age women now work outside of the home (Witel-Daugenti, 2011). Women make up the majority of professional workers in many countries, even in the Mediterranean, where women have traditionally held more menial jobs. In Spain, for example, the propor-tion of young women in the labor forceRead MoreFeminine Mystique12173 Words   |  49 Pagesgardening, pickling, canning, being very social with my neighbors, joining committees, running PTA teas. I can do it all, and I like it, but it doesn t leave you anything to think about — any feeling of who you are. ... I love the kids and Bob and my home. There s no problem you can even put a name to. But I m desperate. I begin to feel I have no personality. I m a server of food and putter-on of pants and a bed maker, somebody who can be called on when you want something. But who am I? A similarRead MoreImpact of Emerging Markets on Marketing15122 Words   |  61 PagesIn the third part, I discuss how we will need to rethink marketing theory, strategy, policy, and practice in light of the unique nature of emerging markets. I also offer several propositions for further research. In the final section, I provide implications for marketing practice, function, and research. Growth of Emerging Markets A major recent context is the growth of emerging markets (Gu, Hung, and Tse 2008; Hitt et al. 2000; Hoskisson et. al., 2000). It is estimated that by 2035, the grossRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words   |  39 Pagesbecause fewer than 10% live beyond 35. Those who do, like their younger and male counterparts, are nearly all white and heterosexual. In addition to being young, the majority of women are beautiful, very thin, passive, and primarily concerned with relationships and getting rings out of collars and commodes. There are a few bad, bitchy women, and they are not so pretty, not so subordinate, and not so caring as the good women. Most of the bad ones work outside of the home, which is probably why theyRead MoreMulticultural Education in a Pluralistic Society21691 Words   |  87 Pagesmeasure. These five determinants of SES are interrelated. Although inequality has many forms, these factors are probably the most salient for an individual because they affect how on e lives. A family’s SES is usually observable—in the size of their home and the part of town in which they live, the schools their children attend, or the clubs to which the parents belong. Many educators place their students at specific SES levels on the basis of similar observations about their families, based on theRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesEmployee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 DevelopingRead MoreMarketing Mix of Haeir18481 Words   |  74 Pagesmanufacturers across Industry. But the company which would introduce innovative product, with unique technology and provide convenience by satisfying them with something new would surely attract customers. Haier Appliances which is one of the largest Home Appliances brand in the world. Haier is known worldwide for â€Å"inspiring the living† of customers with the unique and patented product like Bottom Mounted Refrigerators. The company was established in 1984, and in only 23 years, it has attained globalRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pagesthe Board .................................................................... Committees of the Board .......................................................... School Board Meetings ................................................................. Home and School Association ....................................................... Notes ............................................................................................. Form of Service ....................................................

Anthro Exam Notes and Review Free Essays

Biological Anthropology – can demonstrate: how populations vary (biological variations; hair color, blood type, etc. ) that past populations have evolved that modern human populations are evolving and changing through time. Biological/ Physical Anthropology: Foundations In offs ? recognition of variation, concern over how species came to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthro Exam Notes and Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major research areas: Paleontology’s – anthropology concerned with fossil hominids; study of human evolution. Pharmacology – belonging to same taxonomic order as humans; study of vying primates; study of nonhuman primates. Human Variation – to describe and explain biological differences between various human populations. Biological study areas and specializations: Molecular anthropology Astrology (study of skeletons) Paleontology Forensic anthropology 2. Archaeology – the study of the human past through material remains found In the present. Don’t do dinosaurs, few do pyramids, and fewer do space aliens. Basic Premise of Archeology: Material remains studied were created and deposited in the past, but are studied in the present. Surviving archaeological record is typically a pale reflection of what actually happened in the past. Prehistoric Archeology: 99% of human history is unrecorded before present historic archeology studies. Archeology today: Trash In landfills Is usually a good representation of the state of the economy (poor economy – less trash). August 24. 2012 Applied Anthropology: Work for non-academic clients, such as government agencies, community groups, and businesses. All four sub-disciplines Cultural, Linguistic, Physical (Biological), Archaeology August 27, 2012 Research Ethics: Informed Consent: Especially when performed on human subjects Medical research means the subject must be protected and aware of test What Is Who is sponsoring the research? Who can you call with questions? Personal safety and safety of the subjects Interpretation of data gathered: Mimic categories Used by the people interviewed Ethic categories Used by ethnographer Research Process: Formulating research questions Obtaining funding Conducting the research Interpreting the research Publishing the results Subject Position(s) of the Ethnographer(s): Country of origin Region, community Class Race/Ethnicity Gender/Sexual orientation Age Life experience Social Theories Current at the Time Research Conducted: Interactions that occurred during fieldwork: How the people being represented choose to represent themselves to the ethnographer. How the ethnographer represents him or herself and interprets the interactions then and later. Historical Events: Before and during the research Types of Studies: Community studies Comparative studies Multi-sited (several research areas) Problem-oriented research Longitudinal research Team research Theoretical Trends in Cultural Anthropology: Historical Particularistic: In the United States Franz Boas = father of anthropology in the United States Focus on Native Americans Describe cultural artifacts, knowledge Assumption: Indigenous cultures were disappearing in the face of modernity, so anthropologists needed to â€Å"salvage† that knowledge. Another important goal: argued that cultures are very complex and all components off culture matter. Ruth Benedict Margaret Made 0 Patterns of culture, culture and personality Structural Functionalism: Developed in Britain and France What are the functions of structures and how do they make everything work? Theory sakes away from the fact that society can function organically and doesn’t address what happens if the society is not functioning properly or is malfunctioning. Influenced a lot of ideas about religion and society. Bronchial Mammalians Polish, taught in Britain Credited as the person who came up with doing extensive field research for a year (living in the culture). Developed out of fieldwork that it is not enough to tell the natives to come up to the house and do interviews, but you must live with the people of a village and see what happens on a day-to-day basis to really understand the society. A. R. Radcliff-Brown Research in Africa Claude Levi-Strauss French Took Structural Functionalism and worked it with the mind Cultural Evolution and Cultural Ecology: Concerns: Adaptations to environments Historical Ecology says you cannot assume that things are organically created but you must consider people of the past. Leslie White, Julian Steward, etc. Political Economy: Concerns: Power relations and social inequalities Pay attention to the relationships and power differences within a particular society or culture. Stresses social inequalities based on class Influenced by the Marxist theory Cultural Interpretation and Reflexive Ethnographers: Reflections about power relations involved in ethnographic research and writing. In particular, reflections about the role of the ethnographer in conducting and writing up the research. Questions scientific claims to objectivity and truth. The idea that you must be someone from outside of the culture to analyze the culture because you will be more objective was questioned because what about the language or the subtle aspects of the culture that an outsider could not understand. Situates ethnography in history versus â€Å"ethnographic present† which made impersonations about groups. Early ethnographers were written in present tense. Present tense had a tendency to represent the cultures as unchanging. August 29, 2012 Paul Arabian (1977): 1968 0 12 years after Morocco had achieved independence from France Arabians Subject Position Research Process Richard Abraham (taught Arabian Arabic; Arabian saw Abraham as a friend) All Meeker Milk Post Modern, Post-colonial Feminist, Diaspora Studies, etc. Changes in the forms of modern society Accounts for disparities among countries and the historical legacies of European colonialism. Accounts for inequalities based on sex, gender, and race-ethnicity that were not sufficiently counted for by political economy’s. Tong: Cathy A. Small (1997): Voyages: from Tong Villages to American Suburbs History Smalls subject position Research process Key cultural consultants Other research methods Self-Reflexive Ethnography US Immigration Policy: 1796 0 Free White Persons (men) ASSES O Slavery ends 1824/1924 0 National Origin Quota – Laws 1965 0 Immigration and Nationality Act 1986 0 Immigration Reform and Control Act Legal Permanent Residency: Family Reunification 2005: of 1. Lion Skilled workers Investors Random lottery 2000: 8 million applicants 1 10,000 selected 178 Tongs Refugees/political asylum cases Remittances is the money immigrants send back. Material wealth important for some aspects of life in Tong. Tong: History 1500 B. C 0 Polynesians come to settle 875 0 Stratified Chiefdom Low chiefs Specialists Commoner farmers 1150 0 ‘Lounge’ Tu† Tong capital 1 575 0 4-tiered tomb September 5 Tong: Kava Drinking Ceremonies – people were arranged and served by their social status; typically women do the serving to men. Religion: ‘Original’ gods House’s (Supreme god) Loyola (rain, wind, agriculture, harvest) Maim (holding up the islands) 5 sea gods; god for craftsmen At least 300 gods ‘Soul’ gods ‘Mischievous’ gods Celebrations: Community celebrations and exchanges Ceremonial wealth (kola) Tap cloths and mats; baskets of food Blankets, cash, etc. Weddings and funerals First birthday, 21st birthday Tautology Special dance performed by women; could be difficult learn Kinship and Raising Children: The Tong way (nag factions) Respect (including tapes) Children could not touch top of father’s head Exchanges, obligations (gave) Outside/inside Expectation that cooking is outside of house and eating is separated from cooking. Kinship and Households: Father = head; disciplinarian Brothers, sisters Relationship becomes a lot more formal after puberty. Eldest brother, eldest sister High expectations; must fulfill roles if a death occurs. Eldest son’s futuristic privilege is that they inherit the land. Father’s sister Could have the children if she wanted; very important role. Mother’s family Adoption Contact with Europeans: 1616, 1643 0 Dutch explorers asses 0 Captain James Cook (British) 1797 0 London Mission Society (Boson) sass 0 Cargo ships, Whalers asses 0 Wesleyan Methodist missionaries; Wars of Succession/Civil Wars and conflicts between chiefs 1834 0 Rising Chief converts 1845 0 Becomes King George I 1875 0 Some chiefs, land, taxes, etc. 1900 0 British Protectorate 1954 0 Independence Mourning period for a kings death is 10 days. Businesses are expected to be closed during the mourning period. With the last kings death the mourning period was deck September 10 Culture At least ‘365’ different definitions â€Å"Complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any there capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society’ (Taylor 1871). Going to be a member of a specific society Characteristics of Culture: Learned Keeping 2-3 feet of space between you and someone you don’t know intimately was never a taught thing, but is learned implicitly by observation. Systems of Symbolic Meanings Religious symbols (I. E. A cross) entail a lot of meaning people. Culture teaches us how to express biological or natural ‘urges’ in particular ways. What, when, and how to eat All-encompassing In other words, not restricted to ‘high culture, fine arts, great literature, etc. All that relates to everyday life. Integrated Different aspects of culture are interrelated, patterned systems. Social scientists focus a lot of attention on trying to determine various patterns and relationships. Changes in one aspect of culture usually entail changes in other aspects. Example: increasing numbers of women in the U. S working outside the home from the asses on. People use culture actively and creatively. Culture as a ‘process’ vs.. A thing. Once you start thinking of culture as a process, change can take place. Various forms of knowledge and practice Culture can be adaptive or maladaptive with respect to the (natural and/or cultural) People raised with certain rules and norms, BUT Rules and norms vary according to subject positions of individuals. Gender, age, etc. They are subject to interpretation. They can be contested and changed. There are struggles within cultures (and among different groups of people) over the meanings of symbols, ideas, values, and practices. Ideals: what people say they do or should do. Practices observed by members of that society (as well as anthropologists). Levels of Many cultures have origins before nation-states were ever created. However, today: International or transnational cultures Spread of global capitalism, commercialism. Many struggles over values and meanings. National cultures Subcultures (within nations) I. E. The South in the U. S. Has several distinguishing factors. Region, ethnicity, language, class, religion, age, etc. Cultural Relativism Practices in one culture should not be Judged by the standards of another culture. Vs.. Ethnocentrism, Human Rights, Cultural Rights Analyzing Cultures Universities You must eat, you must sleep, etc. Generalities Common in many different cultures Particularities September 12 Rites of Passage Separation, Limitability, Incorporation Collective Limitability Community spirit, solidarity, effervescence (some) social hierarchies are temporarily suspended. Equivalent of Carnival in Brazil is Marci Grass in the United States. Religion Beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, forces, and powers (Wallace 1966: 5 cited in Cotta). Rituals Formal, stylized, repetitive, stereotyped, practices usually performed in special places at set times. Social acts, typically with groups; participation, versus audience, religious/secular Functions of Religion Personal or group transformations Through rituals and rites of passage Create a sense of group unity Through shared practices (rituals and rites) Explain the mysterious Reduce anxiety, offer hope Help people cope with adversity Joy, fear, etc. Reduce or create anxiety Control nature and/or social worlds Achieve specific aims Provide moral codes (or values) Guide practices and beliefs Produce regret, guilt, shame Produce the need for forgiveness Capote’s in Southern Mexico and live in Cacao and use the economic system of Slaughter to fund economic practices. How to cite Anthro Exam Notes and Review, Papers

Describe ways to ensure attitudes and beliefs do not obstruct the quality of work free essay sample

Describe ways to ensure attitudes and beliefs do not obstruct the quality of work. Everyone has attitudes and beliefs that they value. Many of these are instilled in us from a very young age. The way we are raised and the behaviours we are shown whilst growing up and developing will have a strong influence on the attitudes and opinions we are likely to form. What a child thinks is morally acceptable is most likely to be adopted from their parents and other family members. For example if a child grows up around a lot of violence they may consider that violence is acceptable form of behaviour when dealing with difficult situations. Children who grow up in unhappy households were relationships do not last are likely to grow up finding it difficult to maintain relationships themselves. Whilst children who grow up around loving secure relationships are likely to go on to also form these types of relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe ways to ensure attitudes and beliefs do not obstruct the quality of work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although some attitudes and beliefs will also come from their own experiences. Attitudes and opinions can be very personal just as a person’s beliefs are. Many people take their religious beliefs very seriously especially about what their religious beliefs say about the way people should dress, eat, behave and what is right and wrong. Although everyone is entitled to have their own opinions and beliefs it is important that they do not have a negative impact on a person’s work. In the workplace you are unlikely to agree with all of the attitudes and beliefs of all the people you work with both adults and children. However, when working with children it is your job to try and change the options’ or beliefs of the people you work with but instead to be a positive role model by putting your own personal attitudes and beliefs to one side and respecting, promoting and responding positively to the people you work with. Reference

The Exploitation And Demise Of A World The Destruction Of The Native

The Exploitation and Demise of a World: The Destruction of the Native American Civilization Through US Expansion. The history of the expansion of the American frontier has been one mired in controversy. Historians, such as Frederick Turner, have always referred to American expansion and the Western frontier as the settlement of an untamed wilderness. This view, however, is false. Long before Columbus even reached the ?New World? a vast civilization, comparable to that of Europe, had established a stable and successful world. Even though they were considered to be the ?children of nature? Native Americans had established themselves as shapers and exploiters of the Earth. They, like their European counterparts, had established a civilization based on agriculture and the manipulation of ecosystems. They performed these tasks for the same reason as their counterparts; to bolster crop yields and the game animal population. Early reports by explorers and settlers indicated that Native Americans altered the landscape with fire. They did this to reduce underbrush and undesirable grasses. This act allowed them to plant crops and bolster animal populations. It also aided them in their mobility. It is, therefor, easy to understand why explorers such as John Audubon reported vast numbers of game animals. Although Native Americans seem to have lived in a ?World of Plenty? in reality they lived in a harsh natural world. In this world their lives were dictated by the elements, such as water and temperature. A bad year could spell disaster as a famine or natural plague. Plague, however, was not a major concern until Europeans arrived in the ?New World.? They carried with them such epidemic viruses as small pox, chicken pox, malaria, and yellow fever. These diseases were unchecked and devastated the Native American population. The estimated mortality rate climbed to 80-90% within only a few generations. The actual number of effected Native Americans is questionable. Europeans did not even know how many natives were alive, much less dying. One anthropologist, named James Mooney, gave a conservative estimate of roughly 1.1 million. Others at the time believed he too, was exaggerating. During the 1970s, however, new studies produced estimates among 57 to 112 million. The ?New World? was as populous as Europe! Regardless of the actual numbers one fact remains the same; European diseases destroyed the Native American civilizations. Native Americans were forced to endure another major crisis. It was a crisis based on the implementation of different methods of survival. Europeans had different methods of farming than that of the natives. Although Europeans had introduced the horse that was beneficial to the natives they also introduced other animals and plants that were highly destructive to their environment. European cattle, sheep, and pig became as much an enemy to Native Americans as Europeans. By introducing these domesticated animals' settlers drastically altered the natural ecosystems. To add to this problem they deliberately hunted game animals' en masse for trade. They also slaughtered millions of animals such as bison and prong horn to provide grazing land for their domesticated animals. Native Americans were forced to deal with these difficulties by either limiting settler activity or adopting their ways. The first usually resulted in a violent settler backlash or governmental war. The latter only prolonged the settler's inevitable reaction. One simple analysis, used by many proponents of expansion and progress, is that Native Americans stood in the way of progress. Although this is a reasonable and at times, justifiable explanation of the European mind set it is not entirely true. Native Americans had a vast civilization, equal to that of Europe. They too, had a highly advanced agricultural system and methods of exploiting nature. The reality of the struggle may not lie in just in the superficial differences of two civilizations. Europeans, throughout history, have been known for their egomaniacal racism. This may have been the overriding principle in the whole affair. It may have involved European greed. It may have involved many critical factors including both of these. Native Americans also had a tendency to be traditionalistic and even stubborn. In the end, one of the two civilizations was destined to fail. Identification: Ponokamita- Known as the ?elk dog? to Native Americans it was the name they gave to the horse. It was introduced when Europeans brought them

The Most Expensive Colleges in the US

The Most Expensive Colleges in the US In the United States of America, the total cost for an academic year can rise over $60,000. Every year, these fees are getting more and more expensive. In fact, a list of the most expensive colleges in the US for the 2015 2016 academic year has been published recently. The numbers that you will see below represent the amount of money that students have to pay for their fees and tuition. Keep in mind that books, healthcare plans and travel have not been included in these expenses. So, do you want to find out what is the most expensive college in the US? 1. Harvey Mudd College Situated in California (Claremont), Harvey Mudd College is the most expensive college in US. Describing their university as one of the most eligible science colleges in the United States, the costs of tuition, fees, board and room are huge. While there is no tuition reduction for the students, around 70% of the freshmen get financial help. Special cases of children from low-income families, receive almost $55,090 in aid during their first year. Total cost: $67,255 2014 BI Rank: 1 Room and Board: $16,506 Fees and Tuition: $50,749 2. Columbia University The legendary university is located in New York City, New York. It has come second in the top of the most expensive colleges in the US due to its spicy prices. About 50% of the undergraduates at this college in New York receive financial help so they wont have to pay the full price of tuition. However, the prices remain pretty high. Total Cost: $66,383 2014 BI Rank: 5 Board and Room: $12,860 Fees and Tuition: $53,523 3. Sarah Lawrence College Located in Yonkers, New York, Sarah Lawrence College landed the third position in the top of most expensive colleges in America. This faculty is said to offer twice the amount of one-on-one contact time with the students as compared to other educational institutions. The average financial aid is $34,000. Learning the best out of liberal arts sure does cost a lot! Total Cost $65,630 2014 BI Rank: 6 Board and Room: $14,596 Fees and Tuition: $51,034 4. New York University New York University is notoriously expensive but has an excellent reputation when it comes to the programs it offers. The kids who wish to be students of one of the most expensive colleges in the US better prepare. The college located in New York City asks for proofs that they have enough assets to cover living expenses and tuition for at least an academic year before getting accepted. Total Cost: $65, 860 2014 BI Rank: 4 Board and Room: $17,580 Fees and Tuition: $48, 280 As you can see, you have to make a lot of sacrifices to become a student at one of the most expensive colleges in the US. In some cases, high school graduates cant attend classes at these universities because of the astronomical prices. Children with a lot of potential, extracurricular activities and high grades risk attending a second-hand college because of their financial incapacity.

Analysis of company (Netflix) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of company (Netflix) - Coursework Example The company was established in 1997 by Reed Hastings. Its headquarters are located in Los Gatos, California. The organization offers proprietary recommendations and merchandising services that aid the subscribers to choose from the extensive digital title library. The company’s mission is becoming an early novel technology adapter that will satisfy consumers’ exact wants. The vision of the organization is to endeavors to be the best international entertainment distribution service. It also wants to; generate accessible markets particularly, to filmmakers; license entertainment content globally; and assist content creators globally to find an international audience. Currently, to achieve its vision, Netflix Inc. applies an extensive differentiation strategy. The differentiation was established through reducing the general prices of renting DVDs, improving customer satisfaction, providing all-inclusive customer service and constantly innovating throughout the years (Resea rch and Markets 2012, n.p) . PART 1: EXTERNAL ANALYSIS The purpose of this section is to analyse the external environment of the company. This includes the macro environment, the industry analysis, and SWOT analysis. 1.1 Macro-Environmental Analysis Like other organizations in the industry of movie rentals, Netflix is cause to experience technological, social, economic, and political macro-environmental factors. Political and Legal factors – with regard to these facets, the company could be influenced through altering laws relating to copyrights of some content types, for instance television and movie shows that Netflix depends on to offer the clients (Krengel et al. 2010, p. 23). Economic factors – To sustain a competitive advantage, Netflix is compelled to price aggressively against competitors. The Company maneuvers in an industry that depends principally on the consumer’s disposable income. If economic increase were to dwindle, while there was a negative inf luence of the consumers’ purchasing power, the organizations in the industry would experience the negative impacts of the reduced purchasing power first. Social factors – The Company depends on the movie popularity among the target market segments. The consumption becomes less popular among the older demographic as the average population age continues to become older. This leads to negative influence of the business. Business could be negatively influenced if the online movie consumption became un-preferred among large population segments. Technological factors – Technologically, since Netflix is an internet-based company, it must compete with the continuously evolving internet, since the industry progresses toward online consumptions (May 2010, p. 21). 1.2 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: Porter’s Five Forces Rivalry among Organisations Direct rivals threaten the task environment of Netflix. Exclusive content contracts present as a threat to the company’s task environment. This presents as a constriction for the Netflix access to particular content (Thompson & Martin 2010, p. 92). Entry of Novel Competitors Entry of novel of

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Business plan - Essay Example Thus, a business plan is essentially a road map for the organization to achieve its stated objectives (Tyson and Schell 2008). A bird’s eye view of the new institution and the education it proposes to impart With a veritable explosion in globalization and consequent exponential increase in business activities that span across continents and political frontiers the need for suitably educated and properly trained individuals to manage such gargantuan work load in an efficient and effective manner has also increased manifold. People who have an MBA (Masters in Business Administration) are equipped with precisely those skills that are required to manage transnational corporations and thus the craze for obtaining an MBA degree is increasing by leaps and bounds with each passing day (Scalzo 2008). GSBM intends to impart these much needed skills to young individuals who aspire to be dynamic managers of tomorrow. Thus, the mission statement of this new institution would be: To make st udents aware of the techniques and tools of management and how they could be applied in practical contexts To encourage students to develop their independent line of thinking and foster innovative ideas regarding various management issues and situations To adequately equip them to navigate the extremely competitive environs of global business To make students aware of cultural differences that exists across countries and continents as that is extremely necessary to successfully conduct a global business. The subjects that are intended to be taught at GSBM would include strategic management, marketing management, human resource management, adequate knowledge and expertise in finance and accounts, proper induction in the nuances of information technology, imparting the tools and techniques employed by managers in collecting business, and, most certainly, a sufficient knowledge about diverse cultures as cultural competency of an organization is imperative to survive and prosper in glob al market conditions. There is an immense impact of culture on negotiating process as negotiating practices vary from culture to culture and the manner in which people conduct themselves during negotiation process depends almost entirely on the cultural context of each country (Weiss 1994). Thus having a broad idea about prevailing cultures and being careful not to transgress the sensitivities of people belonging to alien cultures is an important lesson that any aspiring global manager needs to learn (Salacuse 1991). Market analysis of the proposed business school The institution would be a business school funded through private investments and would commence its operations initially in London with subsequent plans to open up subsidiaries, franchises or branches in Australia and India. The level of education and the course content would be totally at par with what is being

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 21

Ethics - Essay Example The construction costs are greatly reduced in this plant. The effects of the same include use of cheaper controls from Lutz and Lutz, a decision not to line the evaporation ponds that would have prevented the leakage of hazardous substances into the groundwater, and a decision not to purchase pipes and connectors of high steel or high pressure alloy materials (Mandel & Martin, 2003). In the long run, the plan was not successful as leakages were experienced in the connections as well as failure to control the system automatically; thus, leading to the plan manager doing manual controls (Mandel & Martin, 2003). Worse still, the plant manager dies whilst manually controlling the plant. This case has various stakeholders that had vested interests in the outcome. First was the Phaust administration that wanted to introduce a product that would see to a tough competition with Chemitoil’s paint remover. Fred Martinez was yet another stakeholder who aimed at getting profits from selling off Chemitoil’s design to favor Phaust Chemical manufacturers (Mandel & Martin, 2003). Chuck, the vice president of Phaust is also a major stakeholder and plays a major role in advising Fred to cut down the construction costs of the new plant in Mexico. The new plant manager who dies during the manufacturing process is also a stakeholder as he agrees to control the manufacturing process manually as opposed to automatic control (Mandel & Martin, 2003). The personality types and communication techniques of the stakeholders clearly explain the motivation behind their decisions. Phaust administration was motivation py greed to maintain the markets as the major manufacturer of the major paint remover, and the need to compete with Chemitoil so as to prevent them from taking over the industry. Fred Martinez was motivated by the need to acquire money from Phaust as

The Benefits Of Strategic Planning Business Essay

The Benefits Of Strategic Planning Business Essay Formal strategic planning is affected by the macro-environment and this is the highest level layer in the framework, this consists of a wide range of environmental factors that impact to some extent on almost all organisations. The PESTEL framework can be used to identify how future trends in the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment and Legal environments might affect an organisation. Pestel analysis provides the broad date from which key drivers to change can be identified. By using these key drivers organisations can envision scenarios for the future. Scenarios can be used to help organisations decide if change needs to happen depending on the different ways in which the business environment may change. It is important for managers to analyse these factors in the present and how they are likely to change in the future. By analysing these, managers will be able to draw out implications for the organisation. Pestel factors are sometimes linked together i.e. technological factors can impact on economic factors. It is necessary to identify the key drivers of change these are environmental factors that are likely to have a high impact on the success or failure of the strategy. Key drivers vary by industry i.e. Primark may be concerned by social changes that can change customer tastes and behaviours. The critical issues are the implications that are drawn from the understanding in guiding strategic decisions and choices. The next stage is drawn from the environmental analysis specifically strategic opportunities and threats for the organisation. Having the ability to identify these opportunities and threats is extremely valuable when thinking about strategic choices for the future. Opportunities and threats form one half of the SWOT analysis that shapes a companys formulation. The use of SWOT analysis can help summarise the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organisation that are most likely to impact on strategy development. Once the key issues have been identified an organisation can then assess if it is capable to deal with the changes taking place within the business environment. If the strategic capability is to be understood the business must remember that it is not absolute but relative to its competitors. SWOT analysis is only useful if it is comparative, that is it examines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis should help focus discussion on the future choices and to what extent an organisation is capable of supporting these strategies. SWOT analysis should not be used a substitute for more in-depth analysis. In responding strategically to the environment the goal is to reduce identified threats and take advantages of the best opportunities. Peter Drucker (1954), discussing the importance of business policy and strategic planning in his book The Practice of Management says we cannot be content with plans for a future that we can foresee. We must prepare for all possible and a good many impossible contingencies. We must have a workable solution for anything that may come up. By taking advantage of the strategic gap (which is an opportunity in the competitive environment that has not been fully exploited by competitors) organisations can manage threats and opportunities. Core competencies are a set of linked business processes that deliver superior value to the customer, when these are combined they create strategic value and can lead to competitive advantage. By using Porters five forces analysis which is a framework for organisations to analyse industry and business strategy, they can draw upon the five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources and the other two are internal threats. This analysis is just one part of the complete Porter strategic model the others include the value chain (VC) and the generic strategies. According to Porter (2008) the job of a strategist is too understand and cope with competition; however managers define competition too narrowly as if it has occurred only among today direct competitors. Competition goes beyond profits to include competitive forces such as customers, suppliers, potential entrants and substitute products; the extended rivalry that results from all five forces defines an industrys structure and shapes the nature of competition within an industry. For example Apple are good at technology and innovation therefore they can take the opportunities that give them competitive advantage and makes them leaders compared to Samsung or Nokia. Porters says there are 5 forces that shape the competition: Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of customers powerful customers usually bargain for better services which involve cost and investment Bargaining power of suppliers may determine the cost of raw materials and other inputs effecting profitability Rivalry among competitors competition influences the pricing and other costs like advertising etc. Threats from substitutes where-ever substantial investments in RD is taking place, the threat of substitutes is large. It also affects profitability. Competitive advantage is the heart of strategy and for the strategy to succeed the organisation should have relevant competitive advantage. We can see an example of this with Toshiba who operate in electrical goods, through a flexible manufacturing system it manufactures different products / varieties of some products on the same assembly lines. At Ohme it assembles nine varieties of computers on the same line and on the adjacent line it assembles 20 varieties of lap top computers. It is able to switch from one product / variety to another instantly at low cost and makes profits on low volume runs too. This flexibility of Toshiba to respond quickly and easily to the fast changing market demand is definitely one of its competitive advantages. Whereas its competitors make profits only through long volume runs of a particular model. However, there are a lot of companies who are choosing not to invest due to the recession; however Lidl and Aldi are taking advantage of supplying cheaper products giving them competitive advantage over say Waitrose. Benefits of Strategic Planning Effective strategic planning can positively improve the performance of an organisation and give them the ability to serve more clients, access additional resources or enhance the quality of service/product. It can also offer solutions to major organisational issues or challenges and gives stakeholders of the organisation an opportunity to develop harmonic solutions to long-term issues/challenges that have been affecting the organisation. Furthermore it allows for forward thinking, allowing an organisation the opportunity to pause and revisit the mission and create long-term vision. It allows clear future direction allowing stakeholders to look to the future, plan and respond to changes. Evaluation One of the major drawbacks of formal strategic planning is the uncertain dynamic environment, things change constantly and everything becomes shorter. The recession at the present time is making everything unpredictable and this is not good for strategic planning. According to Mintzberg (1994) strategic planning should be used to devise and implement the competitiveness of each business unit. Scientific management was pioneered by Fredrick Taylor (1856-1915) and involved separating thinking from doing and thus creating a new function staffed by specialists. Planning systems were expected to produce the best strategies as well as step by step instructions on how to achieve this, but this never worked well. According to Mintzberg strategic planning is not strategic thinking, the most successful strategies are visions, not plans. When an organisation can differentiate between planning and strategic thinking they can then get back to what the strategy making process should be. Once a manger has the ability to learn from all sources around him, including personal experiences and market research and can integrate this into a vision of the direction that the business can then pursue. Mintzberg suggests that strategic planning is a misconception and rests upon three unsound arguments: that prediction is possible, thats strategists can be detached from the subjects of their strategies, and that the strategy-making process can be formalised. Strategic thinkers can apply lessons learned from Mintzberg (1994) three inherent fallacies of traditional planning: The Fallacy of Prediction is the assumption that we can actually control events through a formalised process that involves people engaged in creative or even routine work and can manage to stay on the predicted course. You need more than hard facts you need the personal touch. People are not objective, they are complex. The Fallacy of Detachment is the assumption we can separate the planning from the doing, if the system does the thinking, then strategies must be detached from the tactics. Formulation from implementation, thinkers from doers. One objective is to make sure senior managers receive relevant information without having to immense themselves in the details. One fact is innovation has never been institutionalised and systems have never been able to reproduce the synthesis created by the entrepreneur or the ordinary strategist and probably never will. The Fallacy of Formulisation suggests that systems could certainly process more information, at least hard information. However they could never internalise it, comprehend it, and put it all together. Such control is more a dream that a reality. Reality tells us that anomalies, the fickle behaviour of humans and the limitations of analysis play a huge factor in the organisational outcomes and to disregard them is risky and could lead to incomplete planning. What are the limitations of strategic planning when things are changing rapidly? The limitations of formal strategic planning can be seen if the future is uncertain and the expectations divert from the plan. There could also be internal resistance to formal strategic planning due to factors including: Information flows, decision making and power relationships could be unsettled Current operating problems may drive out long-term planning efforts There are risks and fears of failure New demands will be placed on managers and staff Conflicts with the organisation are exposed Planning is expensive in time and money Planning is difficult and hard work The completed plan limits choices and activities for the organisation in the future CONCLUSIONS The question posed seems to be is strategic planning worthwhile. The answer to this lies within the organisation and is dependent upon size. It seems that the ability to learn and implement strategies contributes to the business performance of small or medium sized companies in a dynamic industry. Leadership is important and organisations today have to deal with dynamic and uncertain environments. To ensure success organisations must be strategically aware. They must understand how changes in their competitive environment are unfolding. They should constantly be on the lookout for new opportunities to exploit their strategic abilities, build on awareness and understanding of current strategies and successes. Organisations must be able to respond quickly in response to opportunities and threats. Organisations must compete effectively and out-perform their rivals in a dynamic environment; they must find suitable ways for creating and adding value for their customers. Overall they must be flexible. Organisations could think about changing their strategy to an emergent strategy which would allow them to adapt to new ideas and according to change. Emergent strategy implies that an organisation is learning what works in practice. An example of this is Groupon who provide daily deals in large cities and in return Groupon get a percentage of the deal usually 50% from the company providing the deal. The company is on track to make $500M in revenue this year and has raised its last round at a $1.35B valuation. Groupon is an example of an emergent strategy which has transformed several times. Organisations could think about downsizing production before closure as companies are killed due to an uncertain dynamic environment. In an article labelled The Real Value of Strategic Planning one manager said our planning process is like a primitive tribal ritual there is a lot of dancing, waving of feathers and beating of drums. No one is exactly sure why we do it, but there is an almost mystical hope that something good will come out of it. Another said, Its like the old Communist system: We pretend to make strategy and they pretend to follow it. Henry Mintzberg has gone so far as to label the phrase strategic planning an oxymoron. He notes that real strategy is made informally in hallway conversations, in working groups, and in quiet moments of reflection on long plane flights and rarely in the panelled conference rooms where formal planning meetings are held.

Do the media ‘construct’ social reality, or does it simply report on it

It is often suggested by scholars that the world and in all its content is ambiguous, there is no universal meaning, nothing can be interpreted the same way. Opinions are constantly clashing and facts somehow constructed, or tempered during the processes of news production. News becomes the fictions of reality; it becomes a way of story telling, made to the taste of the viewer, depending on the society of course. The same stories carry different values depending where when and how the stories are broadcasted, I will be talking about this in this essay. There are two approaches to report a piece of news; the realist, purely factual no interpretations given and very clear in usage of language. This method differs to that of the constructionist, in which events or situations are carefully analysed, and I will be talking about the implication of media â€Å"constructed† social reality. â€Å"Leaders who disillusion their followers live shorter politician lives than who learn to represent situations to their best political advantage†; (Bennett, 2007: p.111) here Bennett is almost suggesting that audience prefer to consume politically incorrectness over the truth, which could be troubling. It is true in terms of politics that politician are not always completely faithful to their promises Scheufele sited Entman’s definition of framing as ‘a scatter of conceptualization’ (1999), Conceptualization is the process of â€Å"inventing or contriving an idea or explanation and formulating it mentally† or â€Å"an elaborated concept† â€Å"framing is an extension of agenda setting† it set up a specific idea for an audience to believe in, audience is somewhat fooled into accepting one side of the story, and usually, they are unable or find it difficult to accept... ... Television in British Politics: Media, Money and mediated Democracy. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Glasser, T.L. (ed.) The Idea of Public Journalism. Chapter one. New York: Guilford Press. Luhmann, N. (2000) The Reality of the Mass Media. Cambridge: Polity Press. Richardson, J.E. (2007) Analysing Newspapers: an Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Journal articles: Barnhurst, K.G. and Mutz, D. (1997) ‘American journalism and the decline in event-centred reporting’, Journal of Communication. 47 (4): 27-53 Scheufele, D.A. (1990) ‘Framing as a theory of media effects ’, Journal of communications. 49 (1): 103-122 Links: AlJazeera English (2010) ‘China ban on dog meat draw angry outcry’ February 08 available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZLLhd_0p_c http://www.thefreedictionary.com/conceptualization

Motifs of Invisible Man Essay

Throughout Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison the narrator battles many battles continuously. These motifs that all compile into the very many themes of the literary work. The motifs range from blindness to invisibility even to the racism keeping our narrator from discovering his true identity. Blindness is the most used motif in Invisible Man. The narrator and his peers are always battling blindness throughout the novel. Throughout the novel blindness is a problem because willfully avoid seeing and confronting the true problem. †Within the American conscience with such an intensity towards his predicament† (Forward Page 2). During the time period the moral blindness of whites was a major problem, but so was the blindness of blacks. Many of the brothers remained blind to the true problem they were confronting. Also blindness takes a few literal turns. One during the â€Å"Battle Royal†, when the boys fight blindfolded, and the second the statue of the founder is described as â€Å"not having eyes†. Blindness also literally suffers from blindness. The motif, blindness, tells us about the actions and feeling of the society. The second major motif is invisibility. Not only is it in the title, but this topic plays major role throughout the novel. The book starts out with the narrator saying â€Å"I am an Invisible Man† (page 3). This motif continues to appear all the time until the epilogue. The motif of invisibility goes hand in hand with moral blindness. While blindness has a bad connotation, Invisibility can bring freedom and mobility. †I’ve overstayed my hibernation, since there’s a possibility that even an invisible man has a socially responsible role to play† (Page 571). The narrator realizes that being invisible may be a safe position, but he would never be able to make a major impact in the world. Although he is comfortable as an invisible man he emerges to go make a visible impact on the world. The last major motif, Racism, is an obstacle to finding individual identity. Throughout the novel he struggles to find his true identity. As he passes from minor society to minor society he tries to adapt their identity on to him. Each time he takes away from his individuality. The narrator finally realizes that racism just causes him to see what others want him to see. He comes to this realization when he says â€Å"and I knew it was better to live out f one’s own absurdity than to die for that of others, whether for Ras’s or Jack’s† (page 559). In the end he chooses to be productive by making his own contributions to society; force others to acknowledge, and to clarify the reality of thoughts outside of their prejudiced notions. The narrator battles blindness of others, the comfort of invisibility, and the obstacle blocking his own personal identity. Throughout this coming of age novel the narrator losses many battles, but in the end he finally wins. He ends as a visible advocate staying true to himself.

The Causes and Dangers of Yellow Snow

The Causes and Dangers of Yellow Snow Yellow snow is the topic of many a winter joke. Since snow in its purest form is white, yellow snow is said to be colored with yellow liquids, like animal urine. But while animal (and human)  markings  can indeed turn  snow yellow, these  arent the only cause of yellow snow. Pollen and air pollution can also lead to large  areas of snow cover that looks like lemonade. Here are the ways snow can acquire a golden hue. Blanketed in Spring Pollen One harmless reason for yellow-tinted snow is pollen. Common in spring snows when flowering trees are already in bloom, pollen can settle in the air and on snow-covered surfaces,  marring the white color of snow. If youve ever witnessed your car covered in a thick coat of yellowish-green mid-April, then you know how thick a coating of pollen can be. Its the same with spring snows. If a large enough tree is overhead above a snow bank, the golden appearance of the snow can be spread over a large area. The pollen may be harmless  unless you happen to be allergic to it. Pollution or Sand Snow can also fall from the sky with a yellow color. Yellow snow is real. You may think snow is white, but other colors of snow exist including black, red, blue, brown, and even orange snow.   Yellow snow can be caused by air pollution  as certain pollutants in the air can give snow a yellowish tinge. Air pollutants will migrate towards the poles and become incorporated into the snow as a thin film. As sunlight hits the snow, a yellow hue can appear. When snow contains particles of sand or other cloud seeds, it can be a source of yellow or golden snow. When this occurs,  the color of the condensation nuclei can actually tint the ice crystals yellow even as it falls through the sky. One example was in South Korea when snow fell in March of 2006 with a yellow tint. The cause of the yellow snow was an increased amount of sand in the snow from the deserts of Northern China. NASAs Aura satellite captured the event as weather officials warned the public of the hazards contained within the snow. Yellow dust storm warnings are popular in South Korea, but yellow snow is rarer. Yellow snows often cause concern that they come from industrial waste. An intense yellow snow fell in areas of the Russian Urals region in March 2008. Residents worried that it came from industrial or construction sites and preliminary reports said it was high in manganese, nickel, iron, chrome, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium. However, the analysis published in Doklady Earth Sciences showed that it was due to dust swept up from the steppes and semidesert of Kazakhstan, Volgograd, and Astrakhan. Dont Eat the Yellow Snow When you see yellow snow, its best to avoid it. Regardless of what caused snow to turn yellow, its always safest to find fresh fallen, white snow whether youll be using it for snowballs, snow angels, or especially snow ice cream.

Conjugating Comer in Spanish

Conjugating Comer in Spanish Comer is a common Spanish verb to eat and has most of the meanings that the English verb has. Most commonly, comer means simply to consume food through the mouth: Me gusta comer pizza sin anchoas. I like to eat pizza without anchovies.El comer es uno de los placeres de la vida. Eating is one of the pleasures of life.Comieron en el aeropuerto de Lima antes de abordar el avià ³n. They ate at the Lima airport before boarding the plane.Leah come como un pajarito. Leah eats like a bird. Sometimes, depending on the context, comer refers specifically to eating lunch or dinner. Desayunamos en casa y comemos en el camino. Were eating breakfast at home and eating lunch on the road. Like eat up, comer can be used colloquially to suggest immense pleasure: Mi abuela comià ³ el libro. My grandmother ate up the book. Comer can be used figuratively to refer to corrosion, erosion or the eating up of something by natural processes. The translation varies with the context: El mar comià ³ toda la arena. The sea washed away all the sand.El cido comià ³ el concreto de la cisterna. The acid ate away at the tanks concrete. Similarly, the reflexive form comerse can be used in a variety of ways to indicate that something is swallowed up or otherwise consumed or missing:  ¿Cuntas pginas se comieron? How many pages were missing?Parece que se comià ³ la letra N. It looks like the letter N was omitted.La inflacià ³n se come el ahorro de la gente. Inflation is eating up the peoples savings. The reflexive form is also sometimes used to add emphasis. In such a case, the difference between comer and comerse is roughly the difference between to eat and to eat up. Los chicos se comieron todos los dulces. The boys ate up all the candy. Comer is conjugated regularly, following the pattern of beber.

Vietnam War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Vietnam War - Research Paper Example will become mired in other foreign affairs quagmires which again will weaken the military, economic strength and its political status within the world community. This same lesson was never learned by the long defunct Roman Empire. A similar outcome looms for America if it continues to replicate the mistake that was Vietnam. A result of justifications emanating from Cold War, anti-communism sentiments, Vietnam became the standard by which American military power limitations can be measured. Following the allied defeat of Japan in 1945, the U.S. became embroiled in a battle over military power and political ideology with the former Soviet Union that was showcased on a world-wide scale for more than four decades, the Cold War. Communism was America’s declared enemy during this era. The U.S. drew a symbolic line in the sand in Southeast Asia after the Soviets built the Berlin Wall and continued in its aspirations to dominate other Eastern European nations. The fiasco that was Viet nam triggered anti-military reactions for the majority of Americans whose subsequent response contributed to the Cold War’s end. Vietnam also forced America to rethink the fundamental purpose of its military power and question the scope of its capability to force it’s will in foreign nations whether, for example, in the deserts of the Middle East or the jungles of Southeast Asia. In addition the U.S. was forced to question its general foreign policy viewpoint and subsequent strategies. (Hogan, 2006) â€Å"U.S. foreign policy, from its abandonment of isolationism at the ending of the 19th century to its status as the sole remaining superpower, has always been centered on the promotion and conservation of its own interests and ‘the advancement of civilization,’ the exercise of power to assert itself beyond the bounds of the American continents in ‘the interest of civilization and of humanity’ and its own selfish interests.† (Olney, 2004) This re-evaluation phase lasted about 40 years, from the mid-1970’s until early 2003. The U.S. enjoined the Cold War period, Vietnam War and invasion of Iraq to ostensibly spread democracy to subjugated peoples of the world (the official explanation) and with great confidence of victory. Both military conflicts offered a comparable paradigm: the capability of the U.S. to utilize its armed forces as a political, social and ideological tool is limited. indisputably, America entered Vietnam with somewhat of a arrogance assuming the North Vietnamese would bow to the powerful American military and that the South Vietnamese would gladly accept and adjust to a western nation style of democratic governance. Former U.S. national Security Advisor under President Nixon and Secretary of State (1973-1977) Henry Kissinger stated America entered Vietnam with a â€Å"brash confidence in the universal applicability of America’s prescriptions.† (Kissinger, 2003) The ironic epilog ue to the U.S. involvement in Vietnam is that America entered into this horrific and bloody and enduring conflict believing it to be the ‘knight in shining armor’ for the South Vietnamese people. Its leaders did this without appreciating that the South Vietnamese were fighting to be free from a North Vietnamese government that symbolized the same colonialist, imperialistic ideology as did the American government. (Ignatieff, 2003) This lack of military success in Vietnam was not because the U.S. lacked fire-power. It was due to a failure to understand the opponent. Although

Organizational Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organizational Leadership - Term Paper Example The intention of this study is leadership as the ability to influence a group towards the achievement offset goals. In an organization there are leaders who may be vested with formal authority to influence the activities of the other members so that the goals of the organisation can be achieved. On the other hand, the classical approach to leadership loosely refers to a type of conditioning where an individual responds to some stimulus that would not invariably produce such a response. In as far as leadership is concerned, it can be noted that there is need to influence people within an organization to behave in a particular way so that their efforts can be pulled in the same direction towards the attainment of the set goals. However, the success of this strategy mainly depends on the type of the organisation and the leadership style that is used by the leaders. Merton defines a bureaucratic structure as one that is formal and it involves clearly defined patterns of activities and ev ery action is ideally related to the purposes of the organization. Such an organization is hierarchical in structure where power and authority follow a top to down structure. Another very important aspect of this organization is that power is vested in the office not the particular person who performs the official task. The formality of this type of organization suggests that subordinates have to take orders from their superiors and the methods of communication are also formalised where the leaders give orders to the junior employees. In a bureaucratic structure, everything is centralized and this particular type of organization cannot easily change its formalised way of operation. Another important aspect about this structure is that the decision making process is centralised and other ordinary members may not contribute their ideas. In short, the leadership style used by this organization is authoritative where focus is put on the vision of the firm. On the other hand, it can be n oted that some organizations are liberal and they welcome initiative, innovation as well as creativity. Goleman (2000) posits to the effect that the effectiveness of this particular type of organization can be attributed to the leadership style that is used. In this case, the members of the organisation are given the autonomy to contribute towards the decision making process and it can be observed that this kind of firm is flexible since it allows people to learn and adapt to changes that can take place within and outside the organisation. The success of such kind of organisation can also be attributed to the leaders’ ability to encourage the members to learn from others as well as to participate in activities that are crucial to its operation. There is a shared vision among the members and it can be noted that this structure is more flexible compared to a bureaucratic st

Calcium as Second Messengers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Calcium as Second Messengers - Essay Example Calcium ions are also important intracellular messengers. In fact, calcium ions are probably the most widely used intracellular messengers (Kimball, 2006). Calcium plays a fundamental role in a variety of cellular functions. It is involved in contraction, secretion, endocytosis, transport across membranes and in more general processes such as cell motility, cell growth and cell division (De Robertis & De Robertis, 1987). Calcium is one of the most important second messenger molecules, with a diverse array of effectors. The intracellular Ca2+ plays a role as the second messenger in the hypotonic stress-induced Na+ transport by stimulating the transcription of SGK1 and ENaC subunits (Taruno, Niisato, Marunaka, 2007). Calcium directly moderates electrical activity, on a relatively fast time scale, through its control of calcium-dependent potassium channels. Long term effects are mediated by various kinases and phosphatases. Calcium is one of the activators of protein kinase C, which pla ys a role in synaptic plasticity. In a complex with calmodulin56, calcium is an activator or regulator of several enzymes, including calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase, which plays a role in synaptic plasticity, and adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, another important second messenger. ... Once Ca2+ was recognized as a carrier of signals, it became important to understand how its concentration within cells was regulated. Reversible complexation to specific ligands soon emerged as the only reasonable means to perform the task. A number of small cell ligands bind Ca2+ with low affinity, but the process needed complex ligands able to complex Ca2+ with the specificity and affinity demanded by the intracellular ambient. A breakthrough in this direction was the solution of the crystal structure of parvalbumin by Kretsinger in 1972. This still functionally mysterious Ca2+ binding protein was to become the progenitor of a family of proteins known as EF hand proteins, which has now grown to nearly 600 members. EF hand proteins do buffer Ca2+ but also play another important role: They decode the information carried by Ca2+ and pass it on to targets. They do so by changing conformation after binding Ca2+ and after interacting with targets. Essentially, EF hand proteins become mor e hydrophobic on the surface after complexing Ca2+, approach the target, and collapse around its binding domain. Thus, these proteins are better defined as Ca2+ modulated proteins, or Ca2+ sensors (Carafoli, 2002). Second messenger pathways, and some mechanisms controlling calcium concentration, are modeled as a series of bimolecular reactions, enzymatic reactions, and diffusion. These processes occur both in compartments where the number of molecules are large enough to describe reactions deterministically (e.g. cell body), and in compartments where the number of molecules is small enough that reactions occur stochastically (e.g. spines). Thus, to model and simulate second messenger pathways in neurons requires algorithms for both diffusion and reactions, both

Role of Women Essay Example for Free

Role of Women Essay In this essay I will investigate what the role status was of women in Britain in the late 1940’s 50’s. I will examine the lives of women in Britain before World War II, during the war, instantly after and in the period of 1950’s to analyse if the roles and status of women altered during these periods in what manner and why. Overall I would conclude by evaluating if womens independence increased or whether it remained limited by the period 1950’s. Before the World War II the roles of women in Britain was to be Housewifes and mothers they had to take care of the family and the house, this was tradition and they had to follow it if any women who wouldn’t do this was seen as extraordinary.During this period there was a lot prejudice and discrimination towards women however in the same society men were seen as the more powerful gender. The men worked and brought the money the women didn’t so their status was seen as low there job was to looking after the future of the nation the children. During the war there were critical changes in the roles and status of women, the government need the women to keep the country running and also helping the war effort by taking jobs in artillery factories, ammunition production, wardens etc. The women were working in jobs which were once seen as only for men due to their physical strength however in this period women demonstrated that they could take such jobs on. Although women started to work and had new roles they did however fulfil their prior roles as Housewifes mothers taking on more than one role which they didn’t have an opportunity to do before the war. The status of women throughout this period increased due to them the country was still running and they were helping the war effort dearly, however they weren’t still seen as equal to men in status and were considered as second to men. The women were just substitutes for work until the men would return from war. In this period some women weren’t shown equality due to not receiving equal pay as men, when women school teachers asked for equal pay as men teachers, Churchill dismissed their demands with one word, â€Å"impertinence.† These women weren’t successful however some women at a Rolls Royce factory went on strike for a week for equal pay and eventually got it, this shows some women at this period were victorious in getting equal pay but not all women got equal pay. Instantly after the war men were demobilized and sent back home from the war this impacted women extremely since the independence they had during the war would no longer exist. The women were instructed to go back home and fulfil their previous roles which they had before the war and the men would return to the jobs. Many women however better suited some jobs than men but weren’t kept after the war only because they were women they were told that their priories should be at home. This can be seen when a deputy newspaper editor was told she was dismissed, â€Å"Oh it’s nothing wrong with your work, but we have to safeguard the succession and the successor had to be a man.† The status of women during this period was shown as higher since the women had a very important duty which was to look after the nation by bringing up the children. In the period of 1950’s some women wanted to carry on working work but were allowed part time jobs which could be easily dismissed, many women were told that they should look after the homes working wasn’t there roles such women who wanted to work were seen as unusual by the society of Britain. In the advertisement published by the government which said â€Å"Your after-the-ware dream is coming true. Now yours will be the responsibility of looking after the nation’s health† clarifies the point. The Beveridge report recommended a welfare state for the nation which was introduced by the government this benefited women economically, politically and socially this meant women no longer needed to depend on the men. The welfare state launched the National heath services which promised to provide health care for everybody this was the first time women were covered in health, furthermore it paid family allowance directly to the women this gave women more independence and money of there own which they could use on their desire. The affluence increased in the 1950’s due to the welfare state, this changed the lives of the women since they could purchase labour saving appliances which gave them more time and independence from the home they no longer needed to spend a whole exhausting day washing the cloths. To conclude, I belive that women gained more independence in the period of the 1950`s exceeding from just being house wife’s and mothers. The Beverigde report and the welfare sate transformed womens life giving them importance and care, furthermore the increased affluence also provided women with labour saving appliances and increase in independence. Although these changes had been made they did not completely change womens independence it was still limited in various ways one of the ways was women were only allowed part time jobs. The roles of women in theses period was to be housewife’s and mothers though economical, social and political changes brought increase in independence however, it can also be seen as not equal to men and limited.

The Iran-Iraq War Essay -- War Middle East Essays

The Iran-Iraq War While the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980's may have permanently altered the course of progress in Iran and Iraq, the war also altered the resulting permanent involvement of the rest of the world in the middle-east. The rich and complicated history in Iraq has established numerous cultural and ethnic traditions that all play a part in where the country is today. The Iran-Iraq War brought into focus some of those traditions and how they conflicted, while also bringing Iraq and its economic situation into the spotlight. Being on top of some of the most mineral rich soil in the world makes Iraq a major contributor to the world's economy through petroleum and crude oil exports. This, among other reasons, ties nations all around the world to Iraq. As a result the Iran-Iraq War played a major role, and was a major turning point, in the international events that have led to the United States involvement in Iraq, including the Gulf War/Desert Storm, and the recent 2003 invasion of Iraq. This American presence in Iraq has also led to United States involvement with the middle-east in general and has pulled the United States into an area of conflict far older than itself. Iraq is part of what was anciently known as Mesopotamia, or ?the land between two rivers.? The region where the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers come together has come to be known as the ?Cradle of Civilization,? and when studied to any degree, one can easily understand why the conflicts in modern-day are so complex. First it was the Sumerians who settled Mesopotamia back in 4000BC, than it was Akkadians, then the Assyrians, the Babylonians, and the Persians. By the seventh century AD, the Arab Muslims had emerged as a ruling force and the ... ...2. Pelletiere, Stephen C. and Johnson, Douglas V. Lessons Learned : The Iran-Iraq War. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Carlisle Barracks, Pennslyvania. 1991. Pelletiere, Stephen C., Johnson, Douglas V., and Rosenburger, Leif R. Iraqi Power and U.S. Security in the Middle East. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Carlisle Barracks, Pennslyvania. 1990. Staff Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate : Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan : Iraq?s Final Offensive. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington D.C. 1988. http://www.iranchamber.com/history. May 2003. http://www.news.bbc.co.uk. January 2001. http://Lcweb2.loc.gov. May 2003. http://www.truthout.org. June 2001. Vanity Fair, January and February 2002, as well as Time, March 10, 2003, were all indirectly cited as well.

Inner Happiness in Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea Essay

Inner Happiness in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingway's view of human nature was that happiness was rare and was found within a man and not in his outside circumstances or surroundings.   Hemingway illustrates this in three ways.   First, he portrays the human nature of Santiago, the main character, as being one of humility and compassion, full of strength and pride.   He is shown not as a gleefully happy man, but one who meets life with a serene, quiet resilience.   Second, Santiago's fellow villagers are shown as shallow and materialistic, with a narrow view of life compared to his.   Their focus on appearances is in sharp contrast to Santiago's focus on intrinsic values.   Third, it will be shown that his rare brand of happiness comes from within.    Poignant circumstances surrounded the composition of this novel, which bring out many of the above points. It is widely recognized that Hemingway was possessed of a turbulent personality and suffered from emotional depression.   This was despite the fact that he enjoyed much critical acclaim.   The Old Man and the Sea was written after a ten-year hiatus of public and critical approval. This period saw much of his work receive negative criticism in literary and journalistic circles.   This affected Hemingway adversely and very deeply (Carey 9).   Therefore, Hemingway's personal battle with seeming failure in his life's work and society's attendant criticism parallel Santiago's stoic resolve in the face of his neighbors' disdain.   The author's struggles symbolically match those of Santiago and set the stage for the writing of this novel.    The acclaim generated by this book was due largely to the author's   " complex knotting of spiritual and phys... ... Gardiner, Patrick. Schopenhauer. Middlesex, England: Penguin , 1963.   Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995. Hutchins, Robert Maynard, ed. Great Books of the Western World. 54 vols. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1952. Vol. 1.   Plato. The Dialogues of Plato. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. Great Books of the Western World. 54 vols. Chicago:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1952. Vol. 7. Schopenhauer, Arthur. Counsels and Maxims. Trans. T. Bailey Saunders. Amherst, New York:Prometheus Books, 1995.     - - -.   On the Basis of Morality. Trans. E.F.J. Payne. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.   1965.     - - -. The Wisdom of Life. Trans. T. Bailey Saunders. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 1995.   Waggonner, Eric. "Inside the Current: A Taoist Reading of The Old Man and the Sea" Hemingway Review Spring 1998.     

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Signing Away Rights Khaled Hosseini’s novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, portrays the struggles of two women living under Taliban law in Afghanistan. Many thousands of women are restricted to their homes because the Taliban permits them from contributing to society, seeking education, or even leaving their property without a male relative present. Because women continue to face this oppression, 97% of women in the country show symptoms of depression (Woolf Internet). Women in Afghanistan are prohibited from having the right to make their own decisions because of gender discrimination.In the book, Mariam faced ongoing gender discrimination, but two events mirrored each other and portrayed huge significance. When Mariam was forced to marry Rasheed, she needed to sign a contract, just as she did before her execution, twenty seven years later. But what does one’s signature symbolize? It symbolizes their approval to whatever is written in the document. Mariam was sent off to R asheed against her will. â€Å"But I’ve seen nine-year-old girls given to men twenty years older than your suitor, Mariam. We all have. What are you, fifteen? That’s a good, solid marrying age for a girl,† (pg. 4). This is an example of a problem that practically all women in Afghanistan face because they have no rights and are treated as prizes to be given away. Twenty seven years later, Mariam killed Rasheed in order to defend Laila and was sent to prison. â€Å"†¦Like a compass needle that points north, a man’s accusing finger always finds a woman. Always,† (pg. 323). Mariam recalled Nana’s wisdom as she awaited her execution. This quote shows that women are evidentally inferior to men in the Afganistan society and will be accused of crimes that they did or did not do regardless.Mariam stayed mute during both events because she knew that her protests would not be heard, and she’d be overruled by the Mullah. These events symbol ize the injustice that women face, but have to bear because society cannot be changed according to their whim. The things that happened to Mariam and Laila were not unusual events. Having women forced to do things against their will was a common occurrence in Afghanistan. â€Å"87% of women are illiterate and only 30% of women in Afghanistan have access to education,† (Taylor Internet).These startling statistics show that women are not valued as much as men are and are one of the reasons why they are taken advantage of. â€Å"Seventy to eighty percent of women face forced marriages, and as a result, one in every three Afghan women experience physical, psychological, or sexual violence, (Taylor Internet)†. Looking at these facts, women do not have a choice about almost anything. The small percent of women who do have rights to certain things in Afghanistan are only getting the average rights that other women, who live in more developed areas of the world, usually get al l the time.This is all because women are not considered to be equal to men and because they are treated differently, the average life expectancy for a woman in Afghanistan is only 44 years (Taylor Internet). Although Afghanistan is known for its cruel Taliban laws, few changes have been welcomed. Hamid Kurzai, the Afghanistan president, stated, â€Å"Men and women have equal rights under Islam but there are differences in the way men and women are created, (Boone Internet). † Women are now allowed to refuse sex from their husband if she is sick or has a reasonable excuse.Women are also allowed to leave the home without permission when there is an emergency forcing her to do so. With that statement, he passed a new law that gives women slightly more freedom, but still to an unreasonable extent. To this day, Afghanistan women are still portrayed as unequal and inferior just as Mariam and Laila were treated in the book. When Mariam signed the contracts twice in the book, once to Rasheed and again when she accepted her execution, she gave away her life and all the unjust rights that she had along with it.Practically all women residing in Afghanistan have to deal with these situations on a daily basis because they are prohibited to make their own decisions due to being of ‘inferior’ female gender. On a side note, Taliban law has been weakening throughout the years. Campaigns and protests against the restrictions on women, although not fully successful, are helping women in Afghanistan a little more every day and give them hope of freedom. -Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns, May 22, 2007 Human’s Rights Watch, Afghanistan: New Law Threatens Women’s Freedom, Human’s Rights Watch, April 14, 2009, http://www. hrw. org/news/2009/04/14/afghanistan-new-law-threatens-women-s-freedom -Rupert Taylor, Women’s Rights Abused In Afghanistan, Middle Eastern Affairs, April 20, 2009, http://rupert-taylor. suite101. com/womens-r ights-abused-in-afghanistan-a111098 -Jon Boone, ‘Worse Than The Taliban’ –New Law Rolls Back Rights For Afghan Women’ , World News, March 30, 2009, http://www. guardian. co. uk/world/2009/mar/31/hamid-karzai-afghanistan-law

Alternative Fuel Sources essays

Alternative Fuel Sources essays With all the topics circulating the media about the issues in the United States, many go unnoticed by the general public through the excuse of lack of relevance to the individual. The fuel crisis America is currently going through is not one of the ones to be pushed aside so quickly; it affects the lives of each citizen in some way. Personally, my main concerns surrounding this topic are the harm being done to the environment, the political conflicts with the Middle East over oil, and the increasing price at the pump. The world as a whole consumes approximately seventy-seven million barrels of oil a day, and it is predicted that in the next twenty years that global energy demands will increase a staggering sixty percent from our status quo. The burning of oils and coal for power is slowly destroying the Earth via acid rain, environmental accidents, and airborne pollutants released into the atmosphere. Fossil fuels are limited, and eventually will not be sufficient to meet the demand of the public. This energy obsessed society has burned sixty-five percent of America's known oil, which cannot be replenished for millions of years. It does not improve the situation that Middle Eastern countries control many factors of the oil business, as they are not very fond of Americans and our ways of living. Time is running out, and mankind is in desperate need of an alternative. Other energy sources that are renewable may be the key to unlocking a solution depending on the pros and cons of the proposal. Wind energy, hydrogen fuel cells, and solar energy all hold great promise in the future salvation of our economy and environment if the appropriate funds are provided for research. Wind energy has been around for quite some time but has grown greatly in popularity in the past few years. It and solar energy plans offer clean, inexhaustible sources without the international problems caused by oil. Wind energy could provide twenty percent of Am...

Weathering, Erosion and the Transport of Rock Materials essays

Weathering, Erosion and the Transport of Rock Materials essays Weathering can be considered as the breakdown of rock to form sediment. It is also regarded as the physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rocks and minerals at or near the earth's surface. The three main types of weathering are physical weathering, mechanical weathering, and chemical weathering. Mechanical weathering is the physical breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces that retain the chemical composition of the parent material. (Body from which the weathered material originated.) Once again, under mechanical weathering, there are other processes that take place such as: Frost action simply involves water creeping in rock crevices and freezing. Where the ice formed expands, it wedges itself into these crevices. This is known as Frost wedging. E.g. Talus slope, Lost River, West Virginia, USA. When ice thaws, it causes parts of the rock to be dislodged from the main body. Thermal expansion and contraction are to do with the volume of the minerals in rocks changing (expanding and contracting) in response to cooling and heating. Another important factor here is that darker minerals absorb heat faster than lighter ones. Pressure release or exfoliation would be the removal of pressure of deep burial, when rocks underneath the surface undergo immense pressure from the earth's interior heat forcing them to push through surface material breaking into leaves and sheets along joints which parallel to ground surface. E.g. Stone Mountain, Georgia, USA. Organisms such as burrowing plants and animals (rodents, worms, reptiles, etc...) also participate a lot in weathering. They construct channels through the soil mixing soil and sediment particles, allowing water and gas to go through. The roots of plants, trees and large bushes would be a nuisance in that they would force their way th ...

Free Essays on Stock Market Collapse

There were many factors which lead to the collapse of the stock market on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, what most people called the Great Depression. The stock market collapsed â€Å"in a frenzy of selling in which a record 16 million shares were dumped†¦.over the coming months investors lost millions and unemployment skyrocketed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.seven hundred banks closed in 1929 and eighty-five thousand businesses went bankrupt between 1929-1932.† 1 The depression lasted for about a decade. It was preceded by a decade of prosperity. Though the stock market collapse did not cause the Great Depression by itself, it was a major factor. Other economic factors creating the Great Depressions were an over- dependence on mass production which required mass consumer spending, an unequal distribution of wealth which created an unstable economy, and extensive stock market speculation in the late 1920’s. Mass production of goods required mass consumption, however, the average American did not have the money to make cash purchases, so they abandoned the old tradition of saving for what they wanted and began purchasing on the installment plan. According to a study done by the Brookings Institution, in 1929 â€Å"0.1% of Americans controlled 34% of all savings, while 80% of Americans had no savings at all.† 2 If Americans could not afford to buy what they wanted, they could get anything they wanted with a small down payment and pay for it over time. Advertisements were used to entice Americans to make purchases of more and more products on installment, however, most American did not have the wages necessary to provide the purchasing power needed to keep the economy growing. For example, â€Å"in 1929 Henry Ford reported a personal income of $14 million in the same year the average personal income was $750.† 3 Many Americans were attracted by advertisements to purchase a number of the new products like the automobiles, radios and household appl... Free Essays on Stock Market Collapse Free Essays on Stock Market Collapse There were many factors which lead to the collapse of the stock market on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, what most people called the Great Depression. The stock market collapsed â€Å"in a frenzy of selling in which a record 16 million shares were dumped†¦.over the coming months investors lost millions and unemployment skyrocketed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.seven hundred banks closed in 1929 and eighty-five thousand businesses went bankrupt between 1929-1932.† 1 The depression lasted for about a decade. It was preceded by a decade of prosperity. Though the stock market collapse did not cause the Great Depression by itself, it was a major factor. Other economic factors creating the Great Depressions were an over- dependence on mass production which required mass consumer spending, an unequal distribution of wealth which created an unstable economy, and extensive stock market speculation in the late 1920’s. Mass production of goods required mass consumption, however, the average American did not have the money to make cash purchases, so they abandoned the old tradition of saving for what they wanted and began purchasing on the installment plan. According to a study done by the Brookings Institution, in 1929 â€Å"0.1% of Americans controlled 34% of all savings, while 80% of Americans had no savings at all.† 2 If Americans could not afford to buy what they wanted, they could get anything they wanted with a small down payment and pay for it over time. Advertisements were used to entice Americans to make purchases of more and more products on installment, however, most American did not have the wages necessary to provide the purchasing power needed to keep the economy growing. For example, â€Å"in 1929 Henry Ford reported a personal income of $14 million in the same year the average personal income was $750.† 3 Many Americans were attracted by advertisements to purchase a number of the new products like the automobiles, radios and household appl...